Human Factors And Communication Skill - EASA Mod 9

 Human factors and communication skill


Sub module -1 

It is believed universally that 80% of the accidents are caused by human factors.


Factors that affect AMTs are :

  1. Poor instruction
  2. Bringer repetitive jobs
  3. Smelly fumes
  4. Loud noises
  5. Snow
  6. Personal life problems
  7. Poorly designed testing for skill and knowledge
  8. Fatigue
  9. Substance abuse
  10. Slippery floors
  11. Poor communication 
  12. poor tool control
  13. Latent medical and environment factors 
  14. Incomplete or incorrect documentation
  15. Poor training unrealistic deadlines
  16. Lack of tools and equipment


The PEAR model of human factors in maintenance:

The PEAR model makes important considerations of human factors by dividing it into 4 parts.

People: who do the job - considering all their capabilities, physical characteristics memoery, confidence, attitude, competent, training, experience, leadership, communication skill, team structure etc.

Environment : which they work in - temperature, lighting, noise level , time of the day, safety culture, pressure, distraction, workspace, location, priorities, morale, culture, weather, etc.

Actions: they perform - lists actions to perform a job to help identify the problem or risks - getting information, preparation, test managament, documentation, knowledge, skill supervision, communication requirements, certificate requirements, etc.

Resources: necessary to perform the job - fixtures, training, tools, personnel, materials, confidence, technical manuals, software, ground handling equipment etc.


The dirty dozen 

It refers to twelve human error preconditions that can acts as precursors to accident or incidents

  1. Lack of communication 
  2. Distraction
  3. Lack of resources
  4. Stress
  5. Complacency 
  6. Lack of teamwork
  7. Pressure
  8. Lack of knowledge
  9. Fatigue
  10. Lack of assertiveness
  11. Lack of awareness 
  12. Norms


MURPHY’S LAW

He says if there are two ways to do something and one will result in disaster, he’ll doit that way

Murphy’s law says “ whatever can go wrong, will go wrong”  and if you can anticipate the problems, disaster can be averted.

We can use Murphy’s Law as a tool, if we expect things to go wrong and put maintenance safety culture into action, just like Murphy’s sled team, a good safety record can be maintained. 

Because of costly failures, designers have installed “fail safes”.  Fail safes are referred to as “idiot proof”. But Murphy’s Law always seems to strike, even when precautions have been put in place; resulting in “Grave’s Law”, which states, if you make something idiot proof, the world will create a better idiot”. 


Submodule -2  

This chapter tells about physical and mental human performance factors affect an AMT.


Vision - is vital for AMTs for visual inspection. We have to protect our from inappropriate lighting and check lack of colour vision as they have to deal with the electrical wiring.

The basic function of the eye : lights enter the eye through cornea then passs through the iris and the lens and finally on the retina the light stimulate the sensitive cells and on he retina rods and cones which then pass small electrical impulse to optic nerve to visual cortex in the brain and impulses are interpreted and image is perceived.

Components of the eye:

  1. The cornea - the cornea is a clear window at the front of the eye. The focusing  is achieved by the shape of the the cornea bending it can acquire focusing ability between 70% and 80% of the eye.
  2. The iris - it is the coloured part of the eye control the amount of light is allowed to enter the eye.
  3. The pupil - the light is adjusted but the varying the size of the pupil. The mount of light is adjusted by the a factor of 5:1.
  4. The lens - the lens helps in sharpening the vision and helps final focusing. The lens is thickened and changes the shape to adjust focus.
  5. The retina - the retina is located near the rear wall of the eyeball. The retina has two types of cells called cones and rods. The cones help in good and maple of detecting the fine details and are colour sensitive. Rods can’t detect colour but good at detecting movement in the edge of visual field and they are much sensitive to lower light.


 Factors affecting clarity of sight:

  • Physical imperfections in one or both eyes and age
  • The influence of injected foreign substances, drugs, medication, alcohol, and cigarettes.
  • Environmental factors, the amount flight available, clarity of the air.


Blind spot - blind spots occurs at the point where the optic nerve enters the retina. At the point at which the optic nerve joins back of the eye, a blind spot occurs.

Refractive errors -

hyperopia(farsightedness) also known as hypermetropia is called by a shorter behind the retina.

Myopia (nearsightedness) is where the eyeball is longer than normal, causing the image to be formed in front of the retina.

Other visual problems include:-


The information processing involves what five stages? 

Information processing involves:
1) Gathering Information
2) Perception or Assessment
3) Evaluation and Decision Making 4)Action/Response
5) Feedback 


What are the three processes of Memory? 

The three processes of memory are: 

1) Registration
2) Storage
3) Retrieval 



The most common type of colour blindness "Daltonism" is the difficulty distinguishing between what two colours? 

There are many forms of colour defective vision, but the most common form is distinguishing between red and green. 


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