TESTS FOR ANIONS

 

⧫ Carbonate (CO32-) :

test: add dilute hydrochloric acid.

result: effervescence (fizzing), carbon dioxide gas is released ( for testing CO2 test it with                             Limewater, which will make lime water cloudy.)

                                                                         OR

test: add dilute nitric acid 

result: lime water goes cloudy.


⧫ Chloride (Cl-) :

test: Add nitric acid, then aqueous silver nitrate.

result: white precipitate of AgCl ( soluble in ammonia )


⧫ Bromide (Br-) :

test: Add nitric acid, then aqueous silver nitrate.

result: creamy precipitate of AgBr ( slightly soluble in ammonia ).


⧫ Iodide (I-)  : 

test: Add nitric acid, then aqueous silver nitrate.

result: yellow precipitate of AgI ( insoluble in excess ammonia ).


⧫ Nitrate (NO3 -) :

test: add aqueous sodium hydroxide then add aluminium.

result: Gas produced turns damp red litmus paper blue. 


⧫ Sulphate (SO42-) :

test: Add nitric acid, then add aqueous barium nitrate.

result: white precipitate of BaSO4.


Popular posts from this blog

WRITE A LETTER TO THE HEADTEACHER OF THE SCHOOL

Write a letter to a headteacher of the school in which you should : identify and evaluate the issues raised in the speech explain your views on whether the headteacher's proposal is the best way to benefit pupils at the school. Begin your letter with, 'Dear headteacher',... ANSWER :  Dear headteacher,         I accept your proposal that you have made such a big proposal towards children which seems to be very good for children and will keep the mind and body of children healthy and they will also be able to do their work and they will understand their responsibilities. And he will also learn to be free from mobile phones and video games and maintain his health, which will affect both their mind and their body in studies. And we expect from you that our children will enrol in sports in other studies too, they will be taken care of physically as well as mentally, and in school, morning circuit exercise is very good and before starting the school, An hour exercise is very good
Read more

THE STRAWBERRY PINK VILLA

Image
                                                      The villa was small and square, standing in its tiny garden with an air of pink-faced determination. Its shutters had been faded by the sun to a delicate creamy green, cracked and bubbled in places. The gardens, surrounded by tall fuchsia hedges, had the flower-beds worked in complicated geometrical patterns, marked with smooth white stones. The white cobbled paths, scarcely as wide as a rake's head, wound laboriously round beds hardly of stars, half-moons, triangles, and circles, all overgrown with a shaggy tangle of flowers run wild. Roses dropped petals that seemed as big and smooth as saucers, flame-red, moon-white, glossy, and unwrinkled; marigolds like broods of shaggy suns stood watching their parent's progress though the sky. In the low growth the pansies pushed their velvety, innocent faces through the leaves, and the violets drooped sorrowfully under their heard-shaped leaves. The bougainvillaea that sprawled luxur
Read more

ALCOHOL AND HEALTH

Image
                                            Ethanol is the only alcohol that is safe to drink.it must only be drunk in moderation, if at all. Methanol is very toxic and in small amounts can cause blindness and death.        Ethanol mixes totally with water, which takes it everywhere in the body that water goes. The amount of alcohol that a person may drink varies with age, sex, weight and drinking history.       Heavy drinking can cause a healthy liver to become fatty and enlarged. Eventually scarring ( cirrhosis) can cause liver failure and death. Prolonged heavy drinking can eventually damage the muscle tissue of the heart. It may also lead to some long-term damage to brain. Alcohol is depressive drug and can be addictive. Drinking heavily on a particular occasion produces drunkenness, during which speech become slurred, vision is blurred and reaction times are slowed. Some cultures forbid its use. 
Read more